Accusative
The accusative is mostly a “free ride” on the nominative — there’s only one cell where it genuinely diverges.
Usage
The accusative marks the direct object — the thing the action happens to: Unë shoh librin (“I see the book”). It’s also required after several common prepositions: në, mbi, nën, me, për, pa — Libri është në tavolinë (“The book is on the table”).
Formation
Singular, indefinite: identical to the nominative singular indefinite — just the bare lemma, for either gender.
Singular, definite — the one cell that’s genuinely different from the nominative:
Gender | Rule | Example |
Masculine | nominative definite singular + -n (stressed -a nouns take -në instead) | shoku → shokun, libri → librin; babai → babanë |
Feminine | nominative indefinite + -n (unstressed final vowel) or -në (stressed); -ër/-ërr/-ël nouns replace the ending with -ën | gazetë → gazetën; agjenci → agjencinë; motër → motrën |
Plural, indefinite: identical to the nominative plural indefinite.
Gender | Typical rule | Example |
Masculine | most add -ë; some add -a; several other endings behave differently — see “Nominative” for the full breakdown | student → studentë, film → filma |
Feminine | most replace -ë with -a; several endings stay unchanged — see “Nominative” for the full breakdown | gazetë → gazeta, shtëpi → shtëpi |
Plural, definite: identical to the nominative plural definite.
Gender | Indefinite plural ends in | Rule | Example |
masculine | a vowel (incl. -j) | add -t | studentë → studentët |
masculine | a consonant | add -it | mësues → mësuesit |
feminine | unstressed vowel | add -t | revista → revistat |
feminine | stressed vowel | add -të | shtëpi → shtëpitë |
See “Nominative” and “Plural formation” for the full set of endings this depends on, and the noun dictionary for the confirmed forms of an individual word.
See “Cases” for how the accusative relates to the other four, or “Nouns: the basics” for the overview.